Water abstraction

Water abstraction, or water extraction, is the procedure of taking water from any source, either temporarily or permanently. Most water is used for irrigation or treatment to produce drinking water. Depending on the environmental legislation in the relevant country, controls may be located on abstraction to limit the amount of water that can be removed. Over abstraction can lead to rivers drying up or the level of groundwater aquifers reducing inappropriately. The science of hydrogeology is used to assess safe abstraction levels.

Pollination

Pollination is an important step in the reproduction of seed plants: the transfer of pollen grains (male gametes) to the plant carpel, the organization that contains the ovule (female gamete). The accessible part of the carpel is called a stigma in the flowers of angiosperms and a micro Pyle in gymnosperms. The study of pollination brings mutually many disciplines, such as botany, horticulture, entomology, and ecology. Pollination is significant in horticulture because most plant fruits will not develop if the ovules are not fertilized. The pollination process as communication between flower and vector was first addressed in the 18th century by Christian Konrad Sprengel.

Rainbow

Rainbows are optical and meteorological phenomena that reason of a spectrum of light to appear in the sky when the Sun shines onto droplets of moisture in the Earth's atmosphere. They take the form of a multicolored arc, with red on the external part of the arch and violet on the inner section of the arch. More rarely, a secondary rainbow is seen, which is a second, fainter arc, outside the primary arc, with colours in the differing order, that is, with violet on the outside and red on the inside.

A rainbow spans a permanent spectrum of colours. Traditionally, however, the chain of colours is quantized. The majority cited and remembered sequence, in English, is Newton's sevenfold red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. "Roy G. Biv" and "Richard of York Gave Battle In Vain" are admired mnemonics.

Though rainbows are bow-shaped in most cases, there are also phenomena of rainbow-colored flooring in the sky: in the shape of stripes, circles, or even flames.

Yachting

Yachting is a physical action connecting boats. It may be racing sailing boats, cruising to far-away shores, or day-sailing along a coast.
Whilst sailing's invention is prehistoric, racing sailing boats is supposed to have started in the Netherlands some time in the 17th century, whence it soon made its way to England where custom-built racing "yachts" began to emerge. In 1851, a challenge to an American yacht racing club in New York led to the beginning of the America's Cup, a regatta won by the New York Yacht Club awaiting 1983, when they finally lost to Australia II. For now, yacht racing continued to develop, with the development of recognised classes of racing yachts, from small dinghies up to huge maxi yachts.
These days, yacht racing and ship racing are common participant sports around the developed world, mainly where favourable wind conditions and access to reasonably sized bodies of water are available. Most yachting is conducted in salt water, but smaller craft can be - and are - raced on lakes and even huge rivers.
Whilst there are many different types of racing vessels, they can normally be separated into the larger yachts, which are larger and contain facilities for extensive voyages, and smaller harbour racing craft such as dinghies and skiffs.